Here is yet another example of an apparently endless series: the Western intelligentsia’s ongoing efforts to compel Europeans and North Americans to be ashamed of their own culture and heritage, and to think of Islamic culture as antecedent and superior to their own. It’s just more of the West’s ongoing cultural suicide. The question that James Higham and these other professors should be asking is why, if these Muslim scholars wrote about natural selection as far back as the ninth century, did they do nothing with the discovery? Why did it remain for Darwin to discover as if for the first time a thousand years later? The same question can and should, but never is asked about the ever-lengthening lists of Muslim inventions. If Muslims really did invent chess and coffee and flying machines and so much else long before Westerners did, why did they do nothing with these discoveries? Even that inaction in itself would reveal a certain anti-intellectualism that is fueled culturally by the overpowering influence of the Qur’an, which has been regarded by many Muslims throughout Islamic history as the only book that is needed.
“A Thousand Years Before Darwin, Islamic Scholars Were Writing About Natural Selection,” by Shayla Love, Vice, October 5, 2020 (thanks to David):
In the summer of 1837, Charles Darwin drew a rudimentary sketch in his notebook, lines of ink that branched out from another. This tree-like doodle would come to represent his theory of evolution by natural selection, a way to visualize how plants and animals adapt in response to their environments. On the top of the page, Darwin scrawled the words, “I think.”
When many students are taught about evolution they learn about Darwin, how he observed bird beaks on the Galápagos Islands, and pieced together one of history’s most significant biological puzzles.
But this narrative, focusing on a singular person’s “I think,” omits a long history of humans contemplating how organisms change over time. Evolutionary musings have existed before Darwin, and some professors and museums are now striving to include that neglected history in curriculums and exhibitions.
Recently, New York University professor James Higham tweeted about how he updated the lectures of his class on primate behavioral ecology, geared to upper-level undergraduates. They now “properly acknowledge Islamic scholarship in this area—especially that of Al-Jahiz (781-869 CE),” Higham wrote. “It seems clear that something like evolution by natural selection was proposed a thousand years before Darwin/Wallace.” (The naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace independently proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection around the same time as Darwin.)
Higham told VICE News he wasn’t taught about Al-Jahiz in his own training; he knew of Al-Jahiz vaguely as a theologian, writer, and scholar, but not a biologist.
“I was struck by the extent to which Al-Jahiz appears to have had not just evolutionary ideas, but many ideas that could be said to be related specifically to the process of evolution by natural selection,” Higham said in an email. “This seems to have included ideas such as competition over finite resources, adaptation in response to the environment, and speciation over time as an outcome.”
His tweet referenced a graph of eight pre-Darwin Muslim scholars who wrote about evolutionary ideas, from “An untold story in biology: the historical continuity of evolutionary ideas of Muslim scholars from the 8th century to Darwin’s time,” a 2017 paper by senior author Rui Diogo, an assistant professor at Howard University. Higham plans to include Al-Jahiz and other pre-Darwin scholars in his large intro class on human origins as well. Other academics replied to Higham’s tweet, saying they were taking similar action. Like Andy Higginson, an ecologist and Senior Lecturer at University of Exeter who responded, “I did the same for a lecture last week!”…
truthout says
Well it has to do with Satan’s ability to project the false narrative. Anyway anyone trained in warfare at all can attest to the facts of the human race .They may have borrowed from the Burgundians. The Burgundians were excellent ship builders. Next they will take credit for bringing Christ to earth and killing him .Give them time .They will try to figure a way.
gravenimage says
truthout, Muslims *already* claim that Jesus (“prophet Isa”) is Muslim, and hold that his role in the last days is to murder Christians.
Common Sense says
Vapid as your language/communication skills are generally; I recommend you use “Microsoft Word” spelling and grammar check prior to posting.
gravenimage says
Common Sense, how is my exposing the horrors of Islam “vapid”? And what does your reference to Microsoft Word here concern?
VJ says
One of the three founders of VICE is a pakistani muslim, I have observed pro-islam bias in VICE’s some of coverage.
gravenimage says
Thanks for that background.
Dave from San Antonio says
A thousand years before Darwin…those that were to become muslim…were still crawling out of a cave, somewhere. Face it. Islam…can’t even get things right in the qur’an, much less on Darwin’s level. I will say this, though…before ‘Big Mo’ and his theological invention, ‘islam’, the people that lived in areas, soon to be enslaved by islam…had a vibrant understanding of mathematics, science, etc. Sadly…islam ended all of that and pushed these people back into the cave from whence they came…and has kept ignorance as a top priority. Ignorant people are easier to control than those who can think and learn.
Nick form New Zealand says
I look around me and try to find something that might’ve been invented by a Muslim country, or something that might’ve derived from Pakistan, Afghanistan or Iran. Nah. Nothing seems to come to my attention. Oh, wait a minute – swords were invented in Egypt. Funny that.
gravenimage says
Swords were developed in the Bronze Age–the earliest are found in northern Mesopotamia–long before that region was invaded by Muslims.
Scott says
Algebra and alcohol distillation come to mind, but I see your point.
gravenimage says
Scott, alcohol distillation likely originated in the Indus Valley around 2000 BC. This much predates Islam.
Your mistaken belief that this is Islamic likely comes from the Arab chemist, al-Kindi, who described the distillation of wine in a treatise titled as “The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations” in the 9th century.
Scott says
That’s interesting. Thanks
gravenimage says
Thank you, Scott.
gravenimage says
Vice News: ‘A Thousand Years Before Darwin, Islamic Scholars Were Writing About Natural Selection’
Here is yet another example of an apparently endless series: the Western intelligentsia’s ongoing efforts to compel Europeans and North Americans to be ashamed of their own culture and heritage, and to think of Islamic culture as antecedent and superior to their own. It’s just more of the West’s ongoing cultural suicide. The question that James Higham and these other professors should be asking is why, if these Muslim scholars wrote about natural selection as far back as the ninth century, did they do nothing with the discovery? Why did it remain for Darwin to discover as if for the first time a thousand years later? The same question can and should, but never is asked about the ever-lengthening lists of Muslim inventions. If Muslims really did invent chess and coffee and flying machines and so much else long before Westerners did, why did they do nothing with these discoveries?
…………….
Very important observations. The constant claims that Islam discovered and invented everything before the “filthy Infidels” did is tedious and obviously false. Pointing out that there is no legacy of any of this is, as noted, by itself telling–if natural selection was supposedly discovered a thousand years before Darwin, why did this not become common knowledge, at least in intellectual circles? But it did not. But it *did* among Western predecessors of Darwin, such as the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
Glenwood Jarman says
+1 GravenImage,
Good point and also I was thinking that if this Al-Jahiz believed in natural selection and dared to write that man evolved from apes, he would have been killed for heresy since Allah created man perfectly. It would make Muhammad a nephew of a Jew.
gravenimage says
Good points.
william carr says
It is no coincidence that the scientists who developed the theory of Evolution were naturalists. Observing the behaviors of animals, insects and plants especially in the tropics,over a long period of time.
It is very unlikely that Al Jahiz at that time knew anything about the world beyond his own domicile
gravenimage says
True, William–this idea did not develop in a vacuum. Naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries enormously expanded our understanding of the natural world. This study took place almost entirely in the West, which had an intellectual tradition which supported this kind of work–not so in the Muslim world.
john smith says
Brilliant explanation Gravenimage, muslims have contributed absolutely nothing, except for wars, death, misery and destruction.
gravenimage says
Thank you, John. God knows this is largely true.
Peter Buckley says
Islam and Science: Ne’er the twain shall meet:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4l6ruJ0LDmM&feature=emb_logo
Hilarious.
FYI says
You cannot go into outer space unless you have allah’s permission!
“O company of jinn and men,if ye have power to penetrate all regions of the heavens and the earth then penetrate them!Ye will NEVER penetrate them save with Our sanction”
koran 55:33
jinn?
Then how did all those infidel Soviet Cosmonauts and American Astronauts get into space?
They must have received permission from allah ……except infidels don’t believe in allah.
Clearly infidels got into space without the need for allah:they used Science and Engineering.
Vladimir says
Well, far be it for me to comment on this story from Vice, because I’m a Creationist, but it’s plainly obvious that this is really reaching to find some kind of connection there with Islam and Evolution. Islamists are creationists too, but literally with them in my opinion; ”the devil is in the details”.
Cathryn Paradise says
So what, Plato predated Mohammed by about a thousand years in his book The Republic (mid 400s BC)
Rob says
They’re pretty good at ‘unnatural selection’ too.
‘Strike at their necks’ etc
t. says
That’s a good one!
janicevanguilder says
While the Eurasian roots that later populated Europe, ventured into North America, Australia, etc. may not have the consistently highest IQ, they are without doubt the most curious, adventurous and inventive peoples. Starting with domesticating some species of animals, inventing the wheel and sailing far away from shore just to see what they could see. The list of technological and other contributions must make other cultures so jealous as to sometimes be infuriated, nauseous and determined to tear apart and insert themselves into a history that galls them. Reality is sometimes hard to swallow.
Wellington says
The first person we know of who theorized about evolution was Anaximander of Miletus, fl. 575 BC. He postulated that mankind evolved from more primitive forms of life, such as fish. In this he was eminently correct but Anaximander v. Darwin points out a KEY difference between philosophy and science.
Philosophy uses reason alone to arrive at conclusions. Science uses reason plus tested observational methods. Big difference.
Anaximander was correct AS A PHILOSOPHER about evolution. Darwin was correct AS A SCIENTIST about evolution.
Respecting yet another Muslim claim (aided of course by a hoard of dhimmi, obsequious Westerners) that appropriates another civilization’s achievements, Al-Jahiz was some 1400 years behind Anaximander, which chronologically is fitting in a bitterly ironic way since Islam has been a curse to mankind for some 1400 years.
And too, again, is demonstrated the parasitism of Islam and woeful Western Leftist thought to make Islam somehow a pioneer of great thought. No Muslim has been a pioneer of great thought, not even Avicenna or Averroes who, as Bertrand Russell noted in his History of Western Philosophy, were good commenters but nothing more, not imaginative thinkers at all as were certain medieval Christian thinkers like Erigena, Anselm and Aquinas.
Just as Western Leftism is devoid of great thought, so is the Islamic world throughout its entire history. Fitting that these two are now “simpatico.” After all, the woefully misdirected, who are often possessed of illusions of grandeur, tend to align with one another. Never more so than in our silly era between that wretched duo of Leftists and Mohammedans. As here.
gravenimage says
+1
jca reid says
Don’t believe it. Islamic Teachings are from Mohammed’s novel, “The Quran” & the hadiths. What Mohammed says is about Adam & Eve, Noah’s Ark etc. ANY Muslim Scholar saying anything different would be regarded as a heretic & have their head removed. All this is is propaganda, simple as that. Islamic dogma has been shredded & torn apart by its claims being shown to be utterly ludicrous & wrong! So, a quick think & come up with a new tack to justify it as having a rightful place in Ancient Thought that is relevant in the 21st. Century. They’re simply clutching at straws. Islam is pure BS & the Imams & Muslims know it.
JamesC. says
Islam is not concerned with consistency between its various claims and ideas. It is concerned with supremacy, because allah is supreme. Since allah is too exalted to be bound by consistency, intellectual consistency between ideas, and sources, and claims about the contents of the Koran or about the history of ideas, is not to be expected. There is an unbridgeable gap between allah and creation.
By contrast, in pre-Protestant Christian theologies, there is the conviction that creation is sacramental, and therefore reflects and echoes its Transcendent Creator. It has reality, insofar as it participates – in a created fashion – in the Reality of God Himself. There is a genuine relation between God, and creation; creation is therefore intelligible, and coherent, and ideas about it can therefore be coherent, intelligible, and consistent. The Bible – particularly books like the Wisdom of Solomon, and Proverbs, and the NT – was immensely important in feeding this conviction.
Catholic theology from Peter Lombard (d. c. 1164) to Vatican 2 was based on moderate epistemological Realism. It still is, up to a point, but far less than it was. This is an unhealthy development.
Muslim theology, which is much more Semitic, and lacks the covenant-theology of Judaism & Christianity, is based on a sort of Divine Voluntarism: what allah says, and that allah says it, is what matters. Whether it makes sense, and is coherent and consistent, is very much subordinate to that.
This claim about evolution is made, not because it is consistent with the Koran, but because it can further the supremacy of Islam, by making the Christian kaffirs “feel they are humiliated”. If the kaffirs can be got to promote jihad againsr their own intellectual history, so much the better. That still serves Islam.
zimriel says
Individual Muslims in the Islamic tradition could indeed make observations and discoveries. Muslims from Lisbon got as far as the Azores and the Sargasso Sea.
They couldn’t get further.
One exception : political-science. (Okay two, after mathematics.) Islamic societies rose and fell with such depressing regularity that Averroes and (more so) Ibn Khaldun were able to notice certain patterns.
There was something flawed at the core of Islamic thought which trapped them in the Iron Age.
gravenimage says
Zimriel, there are Arab legends about islands in the Atlantic (not specifically the Azores)–but there are also earlier Greek, Irish, and Norse mentions.
But these islands earliest appearances on charts and maps are all from Christian lands, There is no actual indication that Muslims discovered the Azores.
It is similar with the Sargasso Sea–there is a Muslim legend of a seaweed sea from the 12th century that *may* refer to the Sargasso Sea–but there are also Classical references that are much earlier. And again, this was not mapped until the 15th century with Christian Portugal.
You are certainly correct about the instability of Muslim lands. Having a creed that sacralizes political violence is bound to make for ugly, chaotic states.
STJOHNOFGRAFTON says
Who cares what Muslim scholars proposed about natural selection. A far greater rort is that Darwin’s theory of biological evolution by natural selection is taught by western educational systems as if it is a fundamental law of science when it is only a plausible theory of what might have happened. Teaching students what to think without question and not how to think critically is not true education.
JimJFox says
“Darwin’s theory of biological evolution by natural selection is taught by
western educational systems as if it is a fundamental law of science”
Because it IS!! Creationists are as ignorant & indoctrinated as any muslim…
Ole Pederson says
You apparently do not know the meaning of the word “theory” in the context of science. The word does not mean hypothesis but the best knowledge we currently have!
The theory of relativity, quantum theory, the theory of classical electrodynamics have been and are are tested time and again, and they are useful as they predict exactly what can actually be measured.
The same applies to the theory of evolution. (To test it in a lab you need life forms with quick gerneration turnover, such as fruit flies or bacteria).
Prince Eugene says
With a real understanding of cell biology and microbiology the concept of macroevolution fails.
Prince Eugene says
What nonsense. Obviously the geniuses of 9th century Arabia had no clue — and the sycophantic Higham has no idea about cell mechanics and microbiology. The simplest living cell has 300 proteins. The TIME to create one protein made from a 150 amino acid chain has not passed in the guesstimated age of our universe—random chance evolution is impossible.
Walter Sieruk says
That about a thousand years before Charles Darwin the Muslim intellicial Al-Jahiz might have come up with the basic concept of evolution is not that surprising .
The reason that this is no surprise is because from the Christian /Bible based view of this it’s rather obvious the it might possibly be the Muslim scholar, Al -Jahiz and then much later Charles Darwin may have had thoughts fed into their minds by an evil spirit ,without them knowing it ,of the human species coming into being through evolution instead of by creation . That evil spirit would have had been a demon.
That demon would use , or attempt to use those two men from different places and times to ingrain the theory of evolution into the worldview of people ,because evolution in sharp contrast to the Bible which teaches creation. In other words a demonic spirit did used used or tried to use those men to discredit the Bible in the eyes of humankind.
After all , Peter ,the disciple of Jesus, had Satan, himself, fed thoughts into Peter’s mind without him knowing it, and Jesus then put a quick stop to it, Matthew 16:23.
Of course the reader is totally free to accept or reject this answer , Nevertheless, this answer is still worth posting
gravenimage says
Walter–with all respect–most devout Christians do indeed recognize evolution.
jimjfox says
They do, indeed.
Jaydam says
Wasn’t it the prophet Mohammed who flew to the moon on a magic carpet…?
Its very strange that there doesn’t seem to have been any more sightings of magic carpets ever since.
As I’m sure they would of been a hugely popular.
Just think how you could avoid the morning traffic jams for a start 😉
FYI says
muhammed had a magical winged flying horse with a woman’s face and a peacock tail called Buraq.
One day he flew on this imaginary beast to visit a mosque ..that was not even built in muhammed’s time despite what the koran says{koran 17:1}
That is some achievement:
Visiting a mosque that was not built on a magical creature that couldn’t possibly have existed.
Nobody ever saw Buraq:let’s face it,muhammed didn’t see it either as he appears to have made it up which should come as no surprise to us given muhammed said..
“I have fabricated things against God and imputed to him things he has not said”
Al tabari 6:111
If you are going to call yourself a ‘prophet’ and make up stuff about God then it is a short step to inventing imaginary beasts like Buraq.
Buraq ,you notice in the pictures ,has a woman’s face:does it look like muhammed was a feminist as Linda Sarsour insists?It looks like Perfect mo the polygamist liked to dominate anything female doesn’t it?
craig says
only cultures that never achieved anything of note have to take credit for everything. We’re told, ad nauseum, about the supposed Islamic golden age, just as we are told about the incredible black African civilizations. Did you know that the ancient Egyptians, Hittites, Israelites, and Romans were black? And that the Greeks, Hindus, and Chinese all stole everything they knew from the ancient, all powerful black civilizations of Africa? Pretty soon it will be taught in school that Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Hamilton and Franklin were all black Muslims. God save us from the Islamist Marxist alliance.
SKA says
It is telling that the Arabic word for “invention” – bida’at – is also the term used to denote “heresy.”
gravenimage says
Spot on, SKA.
Prince Eugene says
Thumbs up!
Red Pill says
From the scientists that say that sperm comes from the ribs and camel urine cures all diseases…
FYI says
But to be fair to muhammed,he did invent the Cloaking Device which he sold to the Klingons and he also invented the Buraq Transmission system which enabled donkeys to fly.
You see?islam has always been at the cutting edge of scientific discovery.
Prince Eugene says
😉
wpm says
+1
From the Scientists that said the sun sets in a muddy pool every night at the end of the” world”, that the earth is flat ,that shooting stars are angels attacking ” evil Jenns” trying to get to earth, that the sky is a solid blue barrier up to the seven layers of Heaven.. The “science” in the Quran and the Hadiths read like a children bed time story. A 7 century highway robber ,who could not read or write ,who suffered from wild seizures causing him to seeing wild hallucinations in a cave dictates a “book” or books of science based on what he sees in the cave to other highway bandits .? Mohamad whose incoherent rambling is as scientific as reading chicken entrails or tea leaves to predict crop failures or rain fall for the planting season..
Michael Copeland says
Muslim organisations In the West object to the teaching of Evolution to muslim pupils.
JamesC. says
They are getting the dhimmis to carry out their jihad for them. Very crafty,
Giacomo Latta says
I suspect that Al-Jaziz’s lifespan was more like 781-801 CE and that for some unknown reason no other muslim decided to take up his torch.
Scott says
Many people over the years have had musings over many things. Coming up with an idea is not the same as completing your work. On the Origin of the Species is a mostly complete work, and while others have moved forward with the theory into mutation and neo-Darwinism (perpetuation of the genes), some people are talking about how cool they were in the good old days.
Jedothek says
I do not disagree with Robert’s comments, but I offer a general observation.
The Islamic golden age ( A.D. 750 – 1258) has been distorted in both directions.
1. Some have said that it was the best thing that ever happened.
2. Some have disparaged it by saying either
a) that it was worthless; or
b) that everything good in it came from cultures the Muslims absorbed: Christian, Hellenistic , Persian, Indian.
I suggest that none of the above evaluations is correct ( though a discussion especially of 2 (b) would require a sizable monograph). I suggest that the truth is that the Islamic golden age was pretty good, and had something to do with Islam. Such moderate views are unpopular in today’s hysterical climate, but I recommend to everyone that we refrain from blind hate of Islam or blind reverence for it. Let us use reason to seek the truth.
gravenimage says
Jedothek, don’t you find it odd that “Islamic Golden Ages” always take place right after Muslims have invaded and conquered a people, and before those Infidels were all murdered or converted to Islam?
Want another Muslim Golden Age? Just allow them to conquer the free West…
Art says
More Muslim claptrap.
In the last 5 years Muslims have claimed that:
• Africans came here as free Muslims to help build America but were enslaved here
• Muslims never sold African slaves
and other unproved stories that parallel Ali Baba and the 40 thieves.
IF THE ISLAMIC WORLD WAS SO ADVANCED WHY IS IT STILL LIVING IN SQUALOR, most Islamic countries without many modern conveniences and living mostly in mud buildings?
gravenimage says
+1
Jedothek says
To Art and others: I think you will find that, say, around the year A.D. 1000 the Islamic world was pretty advanced compared to many other things going on at that time ( not necessarily the most advanced in the world). What people need to understand is that Islam has deteriorated. There are several factors one could point to, but I would emphasize the career of Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab (1703 – 1792), whose reactionary efforts set Islam back by a thousand years.
E T says
My pet unicorn does not agree with you.
gravenimage says
Jedothek, you just need look at the core texts of Islam itself to see that it is backward.
Those like Al Ghazali and al-Wahhab just emphasized orthodox Islam.
Ole Pederson says
Exactly!
And Islamic Scholars also know and teach the Earth is flat, instead of round and moving!
What a laugh!
Colin Broughton says
There certainly were important discoveries in Islamic areas over the centuries. What is generally missed, however is that these had virtually nothing to do with the Islamic religion.
To illustrate what is meant: Christianity was a necessary although not sufficient cause for the development of modern empirical science.This was due to the Christian view of God, as loving and who could be understood by exploring his good and lawful creation, nature. This view is totally unlike Islam’s understanding of Allah which is of remote tyrant who is not bound by his own laws and whose book, the Qur’an contains all knowledge which is needful.
Islam, which like Christianity had access to Greek learning contributed only by its jihads which conquered many other civilisations and brought them together under one roof,
Jayell says
Apparently, someone (named Zirke?? from Denmark or Sweden?) who was researching this piece of alleged early islamic wisdom in 1941 combed the appropriate ancient books and could only find this extract as being remotely relevant:-
The rat goes out for its food, and is clever in getting it, for it eats all animals inferior to it in strength”, and in turn, it “has to avoid snakes and birds and serpents of prey, who look for it in order to devour it” and are stronger than the rat. Mosquitos “know instinctively that blood is the thing which makes them live” and when they see an animal, “they know that the skin has been fashioned to serve them as food”. In turn, flies hunt the mosquito “which is the food that they like best”, and predators eat the flies. “All animals, in short, can not exist without food, neither can the hunting animal escape being hunted in his turn. Every weak animal devours those weaker than itself. Strong animals cannot escape being devoured by other animals stronger than they. And in this respect, men do not differ from animals, some with respect to others, although they do not arrive at the same extremes. In short, God has disposed some human beings as a cause of life for others, and likewise, he has disposed the latter as a cause of the death of the former.”
So, apart from just stating the bl**ding obvious that might not even do justice to Aesops fables, the author simply seems to justify humans behaving like the worst predatory animals. Or did the researcher from 1941 strangely miss some stunning scientific treatise with appropriate facts and figures, exhaustive evidence and diagrams or graphic illustrations that would put Darwin & Co. to shame? Or did Darwin & Co secretly discover these mind-blowing islamic discoveries and then shamelessly plagiarise them, putting their own names at the end? Sorry, I forgot; they must have learned the noble art of shameless plagiarism from the muslims first.
infidel says
How much money did they receive from AL-Jazeera?
livepeanuts says
As one can see from many replies, the legacy of a very different Islam to the backward looking one of today left fantastic engineering works in Spain, and Islam WAS ahead of its time and would have formalized many latent discoveries which it was carrying out.
There is no such thing as Islam spearheading science and wisdom today, Islam of today should be ashamed of not contributing anything intelligent and the little we see is backward and barbaric.
The Kalifs of the past would BUY not burn books and master pieces from classical Europe which was falling to the barbarians.
I don’t know how it happened but Islam went backwards back to the VI century, it could have advanced more than Christian nations but if today the Islamic State had stumbled on the treasures of Islam of the XV century the imbeciles would have destroyed them as they destroyed what was left in Timbuctu!
European Kings would send the princes to learn at the Islamic universities but not any more!
Moslems should be ashamed of the little they are now a shadow and a charicature of their former greatness.
Moslems today have a dream to go to an advanced Christian nation, the problem with that is the indoctrination and the damage done to progress and science in that host. It would be nice if Islam could turn itself round and be what it once was at the forefront of human knowledge, I can’t see how, I can’t see Islam shedding its backward ideas against human knowledge and science it is so much easier to destroy than to build..